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Modelling the thresholds of nitrogen/phosphorus concentration and hydraulic retention time for bloom

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第10期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1564-1

摘要：

● A new model for bloom control in open land scape water was constructed.

关键词： Reclaimed water landscape     Algal bloom     Nitrogen and phosphorus     Hydraulic retention time     Threshold     Control model    

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EFFECT OF EXOGENOUS ADDITIVES ON HEAVY METAL PASSIVATION AND NITROGEN RETENTION IN PIG MANURE COMPOSTING

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023487

摘要：

● Research on heavy metal passivation and nitrogen emissions is necessary for the pig industry.

关键词： additives     composting     heavy metals passivation     nitrogen retention     pig manure    

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Nitrogen-retaining property of compost in an aerobic thermophilic composting reactor for the sanitary

Fan BAI, Xiaochang WANG,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第2期   页码 228-234 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0022-7

摘要： Aerobic composting is a method for the sanitary disposal of human feces as is used in bio-toilet systems. As the products of composting can be utilized as a fertilizer, it would be beneficial if the composting conditions could be more precisely controlled for the retention of fecal nitrogen as long as possible in the compost. In this study, batch experiments were conducted using a closed aerobic thermophilic composting reactor with sawdust as the bulk matrix to simulate the condition of a bio-toilet for the sanitary disposal of human feces. Attention was paid to the characteristics of nitrogen transformation. Under the controlled conditions of temperature at 60°C, moisture content at 60%, and a continuous air supply, more than 70% fecal organic removal was obtained, while merely 17% fecal nitrogen loss was observed over a two-week composting period. The nitrogen loss was found to occur mainly in the first 24 h with the rapid depletion of inorganic nitrogen but with an almost unchanged organic nitrogen content. The fecal NH–N which was the main component of the inorganic nitrogen (>90%) decreased rapidly in the first day, decreased at a slower rate over the following days, and finally disappeared entirely. The depletion of NH–N was accompanied by the accumulation of NH gas in the ammonia absorber connected to the reactor. A mass balance between the exhausted NH gas and the fecal NH–N content in the first 24 hours indicated that the conversion of ammonium into gaseous ammonia was the main reason for nitrogen loss. Thermophilic composting could be considered as a way to keep a high organic nitrogen content in the compost for better utilization as a fertilizer.

关键词： nitrogen retention     composting reactor     human feces     aerobic     thermophilic     fertilizer    

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Effects of hydraulic retention time on nitrification activities and population dynamics of a conventional

Hongyan LI, Yu ZHANG, Min YANG, Yoichi KAMAGATA

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第1期   页码 43-48 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0397-8

摘要： The effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on the nitrification activities and population dynamics of a conventional activated sludge system fed with synthetic inorganic wastewater were investigated over a period of 260 days. When the HRT was gradually decreased from 30 to 5 h, the specific ammonium-oxidizing rates (SAOR) varied between 0.32 and 0.45 kg (kg mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS)·d) , and the specific nitrate-forming rates (SNFR) increased from 0.11 to 0.50 kg (kg MLSS·d) , showing that the decrease in HRT led to a significant increase in the nitrite oxidation activity. According to fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis results, the proportion of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOBs) among the total bacteria decreased from 33% to 15% with the decrease in HRT, whereas the fraction of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOBs), particularly the fast-growing sp., increased significantly (from 4% to 15% for NOBs and from 1.5% to 10.6% for sp.) with the decrease in HRT, which was in accordance with the changes in SNFR. A short HRT favored the relative growth of NOBs, particularly the fast-growing sp., in the conventional activated sludge system.

关键词： ammonia-oxidizing bacteria     hydraulic retention time     nitrification activity     nitrite-oxidizing bacteria     population dynamics    

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Sustaining health workforce recruitment and retention in township hospitals: a survey on 110 directors

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第2期   页码 239-250 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0392-0

摘要：

Township hospitals, the main provider of rural primary healthcare in China, are severely understaffed. International studies on factors influencing rural working are increasing; however, studies on factors affecting the recruitment and retention of health workers in Chinese township hospitals are limited. The current study aims to understand the motivation of health workers and arrive at a systematic framework of pluralistic factors that would help support health workers in terms of receiving posts and remaining in posts in township hospitals. A three-stage integrated quantitative and qualitative methodology was employed. First, a survey on 120 directors of township hospitals was conducted to learn the latest status of health workers in township hospitals and distinguish existing problems. Second, after sending these problems back to the directors, an open-ended pen-and-paper survey was conducted to ask the directors to identify the factors influencing the attraction and retention of health workers in township hospitals. Third, four focus groups were conducted to gauge the underlying reasons. Five problems from the questionnaire survey were recognized, and numbers of thematic factors were identified at the individual, professional, and treatment environment from the pen-and-paper survey and focus group. Similar to other studies, this framing of both non-financial and financial elements affected the attraction and retention of health workers in township hospitals, thereby filling the gap in a Chinese context. Although several factors had been recognized earlier, our findings further highlighted the importance of these factors. Meanwhile, the factors identified in this study were barely explored in literature. This paper identifies and develops multi-faceted factors to call for a bundled package of multidimensional incentives if decision-makers get interested. The evidence-based findings in our study can be used to provide China-specific policy recommendations on how to recruit and retain health workers in rural areas of China.

关键词： recruitment     retention     health workers     township hospitals     rural regions    

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Bio-based Waterborne Poly(Vanillin-Butyl Acrylate)/MXene Coatings for Leather with Desired Warmth Retention

Jianzhong Ma,Li Ma,Lei Zhang,Wenbo Zhang,Qianqian Fan,Buxing Han,

《工程（英文）》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.06.005

摘要： This study presents a solvent-free, facile synthesis of a bio-based green antibacterial agent and aromatic monomer methacrylated vanillin (MV) using vanillin. The resulting MV not only imparted antibacterial properties to coatings layered on leather, but could also be employed as a green alternative to petroleum-based carcinogen styrene (St). Herein, MV was copolymerized with butyl acrylate (BA) to obtain waterborne bio-based P(MV–BA) miniemulsion via miniemulsion polymerization. Subsequently, MXene nanosheets with excellent photothermal conversion performance and antibacterial properties, were introduced into the P(MV–BA) miniemulsion by ultrasonic dispersion. During the gradual solidification of P(MV–BA)/MXene nanocomposite miniemulsion on the leather surface, MXene gradually migrated to the surface of leather coatings due to the cavitation effect of ultrasonication and amphiphilicity of MXene, which prompted its full exposure to light and bacteria, exerting the maximum photothermal conversion efficiency and significant antibacterial efficacy. In particular, when the dosage of MXene nanosheets was 1.4 wt%, the surface temperature of P(MV–BA)/MXene nanocomposite miniemulsion-coated leather (PML) increased by about 15 °C in an outdoor environment during winter, and the antibacterial rate against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was nearly 100% under the simulated sunlight treatment for 30 min. Moreover, the introduction of MXene nanosheets increased the air permeability, water vapor permeability, and thermal stability of these coatings. This study provides a new insight into the preparation of novel, green, and waterborne bio-based nanocomposite coatings for leather, with desired warmth retention and antibacterial properties. It can not only realize zero-carbon heating based on sunlight in winter, reducing the use of fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions, but also improve ability to fight off invasion by harmful bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms.

关键词： MXene nanosheets     Vanillin     Styrene substitute     Leather coating     Photothermal conversion     Warmth retention     Antibacterial properties    

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Influence of hydraulic retention time on behavior of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in aerobic

Jie Liao, Chaoxiang Liu, Lin Liu, Jie Li, Hongyong Fan, Jiaqi Ye, Zhichao Zeng

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1115-6

摘要：

Longer HRT can enhance degradation rate of sulfamethoxazole in granular reactor.

Longer HRT can reduce accumulated concentrations of TCs and QNs in sludge.

Longer HRT may have increased relative abundances of ARGs in aerobic granules.

关键词： Aerobic granules     Swine wastewater     Tetracyclines     Fluoroquinolones     Sulfonamides    

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Effects of hydraulic retention time on net present value and performance in a membrane bioreactor treating

Dawei Yu, Jianxing Wang, Libin Zheng, Qianwen Sui, Hui Zhong, Meixue Cheng, Yuansong Wei

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1280-7

摘要： Abstract • The membrane bioreactor cost decreased by 38.2% by decreasing HRT from 72 h to 36 h. • Capital and operation costs contributed 62.1% and 37.9% to decreased costs. • The membrane bioreactor is 32.6% cheaper than the oxidation ditch for treatment. • The effluent COD also improved from 709.93±62.75 mg/L to 280±17.32 mg/L. • Further treatment also benefited from lower pretreatment investment. A cost sensitivity analysis was performed for an industrial membrane bioreactor to quantify the effects of hydraulic retention times and related operational parameters on cost. Different hydraulic retention times (72–24 h) were subjected to a flat-sheet membrane bioreactor updated from an existing 72 h oxidation ditch treating antibiotic production wastewater. Field experimental data from the membrane bioreactor, both full-scale (500 m3/d) and pilot (1.0 m3/d), were used to calculate the net present value (NPV), incorporating both capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operating expenditure. The results showed that the tank cost was estimated above membrane cost in the membrane bioreactor. The decreased hydraulic retention time from 72 to 36 h reduced the NPV by 38.2%, where capital expenditure contributed 24.2% more than operational expenditure. Tank construction cost was decisive in determining the net present value contributed 62.1% to the capital expenditure. The membrane bioreactor has the advantage of a longer lifespan flat-sheet membrane, while flux decline was tolerable. The antibiotics decreased to 1.87±0.33 mg/L in the MBR effluent. The upgrade to the membrane bioreactor also benefited further treatments by 10.1%–44.7% lower direct investment.

关键词： Antibiotic production wastewater     Net present value     Membrane bioreactor     Hydraulic retention time     Pollutant removal    

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SUSTAINABLE NITROGEN MANAGEMENT IN AUSTRALIAN AGROECOSYSTEMS: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第3期   页码 366-372 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022447

摘要：

● There is huge potential for improvement of nitrogen management in Australia.

关键词： Australian agroecosystems     reactive nitrogen     sustainable development    

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SUSTAINABLE NITROGEN MANAGEMENT FOR VEGETABLE PRODUCTION IN CHINA

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第3期   页码 373-385 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022455

摘要：

● Sustainable nitrogen management strategies for Chinese vegetable production are summarized.

关键词： enhanced-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer     integrated knowledge and products strategy     nitrogen rate     reactive nitrogen loss     vegetable     yield    

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EFFECTS OF SUBSTITUTION OF MINERAL NITROGEN WITH ORGANIC AMENDMENTS ON NITROGEN LOSS FROM SLOPING CROPLAND

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第3期   页码 396-406 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022456

摘要：

● Interflow acts as the dominant pathway for N loss loadings.

关键词： improved fertilization regime     interflow     nitrogen forms     nitrogen leaching     purple soil     sloping cropland    

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Nitrogen distribution in the products from the hydrothermal liquefaction of sp. and sp.

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第6期   页码 985-995 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2126-y

摘要： The high contents of nitrogen-containing organic compounds in biocrude obtained from hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae are one of the most concerned issues on the applications and environment. In the project, Chlorella sp. and Spirulina sp. were selected as raw materials to investigate the influence of different reaction conditions (i.e., reaction temperature, residence time, solid loading rate) on the distribution of nitrogen in the oil phase and aqueous phase. Three main forms of nitrogen-containing organic compounds including nitrogen-heterocyclic compounds, amide, and amine were detected in biocrudes. The contents of nitrogen-heterocyclic compounds decreased with temperature while amide kept increasing. The effect of residence time on the components of nitrogen-containing organic compounds was similar with that of temperature. However, the influence of solid loading rate was insignificant. Moreover, it was also found that the differences of amino acids in the protein components in the two microalgae might affect the nitrogen distribution in products. For example, nitrogen in basic amino acids of Spirulina sp. preferred to go into the aqueous phase comparing with the nitrogen in neutral amino acids of Chlorella sp. In summary, a brief reaction map was proposed to describe the nitrogen pathway during microalgae hydrothermal liquefaction.

关键词： microalgae     hydrothermal liquefaction     biocrude     nitrogen distribution    

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SOIL NITROGEN CYCLING AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS IN THE SUBTROPICAL HILLY REGION OF CHINA: EVIDENCE FROM

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第3期   页码 407-424 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022448

摘要：

● Soil nitrogen fluxes and influencing factors were reviewed in the subtropical hilly regions.

关键词： nitrogen cycling     soil nitrogen     nitrogen deposition     greenhouse gases emission     non-point source pollution     nitrogen use efficiency    

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PROGRESS ON IMPROVING AGRICULTURAL NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY: UK-CHINA VIRTUAL JOINT CENTERS ON NITROGEN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第3期   页码 475-489 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022459

摘要：

● Virtual joint centers on N agronomy were established between UK and China.

关键词： CINAg     N-CIRCLE     nitrogen use efficiency     reactive nitrogen     sustainable production    

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IMPROVING NITROGEN SAFETY IN CHINA: NITROGEN FLOWS, POLLUTION AND CONTROL

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第3期   页码 465-474 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022454

摘要：

● It is necessary to address the N flows and their impacts on environment in China for sustainable N management.

关键词： barriers     future management     ammonia emissions     nitrogen input     water N pollution    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Modelling the thresholds of nitrogen/phosphorus concentration and hydraulic retention time for bloom

期刊论文

EFFECT OF EXOGENOUS ADDITIVES ON HEAVY METAL PASSIVATION AND NITROGEN RETENTION IN PIG MANURE COMPOSTING

期刊论文

Nitrogen-retaining property of compost in an aerobic thermophilic composting reactor for the sanitary

Fan BAI, Xiaochang WANG,

期刊论文

Effects of hydraulic retention time on nitrification activities and population dynamics of a conventional

Hongyan LI, Yu ZHANG, Min YANG, Yoichi KAMAGATA

期刊论文

Sustaining health workforce recruitment and retention in township hospitals: a survey on 110 directors

null

期刊论文

Bio-based Waterborne Poly(Vanillin-Butyl Acrylate)/MXene Coatings for Leather with Desired Warmth Retention

Jianzhong Ma,Li Ma,Lei Zhang,Wenbo Zhang,Qianqian Fan,Buxing Han,

期刊论文

Influence of hydraulic retention time on behavior of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in aerobic

Jie Liao, Chaoxiang Liu, Lin Liu, Jie Li, Hongyong Fan, Jiaqi Ye, Zhichao Zeng

期刊论文

Effects of hydraulic retention time on net present value and performance in a membrane bioreactor treating

Dawei Yu, Jianxing Wang, Libin Zheng, Qianwen Sui, Hui Zhong, Meixue Cheng, Yuansong Wei

期刊论文

SUSTAINABLE NITROGEN MANAGEMENT IN AUSTRALIAN AGROECOSYSTEMS: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

期刊论文

SUSTAINABLE NITROGEN MANAGEMENT FOR VEGETABLE PRODUCTION IN CHINA

期刊论文

EFFECTS OF SUBSTITUTION OF MINERAL NITROGEN WITH ORGANIC AMENDMENTS ON NITROGEN LOSS FROM SLOPING CROPLAND

期刊论文

Nitrogen distribution in the products from the hydrothermal liquefaction of sp. and sp.

期刊论文

SOIL NITROGEN CYCLING AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS IN THE SUBTROPICAL HILLY REGION OF CHINA: EVIDENCE FROM

期刊论文

PROGRESS ON IMPROVING AGRICULTURAL NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY: UK-CHINA VIRTUAL JOINT CENTERS ON NITROGEN

期刊论文

IMPROVING NITROGEN SAFETY IN CHINA: NITROGEN FLOWS, POLLUTION AND CONTROL

期刊论文